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Units · Step 6 of 32

Closed words in the kernel

New marks

black bond bar on doubled endings (will, spell); the box comes with endings at step 14

Kernel words

has, had, did, can, will, shall, must, get, went

Carney (1994)

At the end of a word, doubling is largely limited to ff, ss, ll, ck, tch and dge (rule #D5), p. 123; add, egg and the short word rule, pp. 123, 131

Step 5Two letters, one sound Step 7One analog, three words

Page references are to Edward Carney, A Survey of English Spelling (Routledge, 1994). Updated 8 November 2026.

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